Addressing the claims regarding male Mediated Steppe Related Ancestry Amongst the Brahmins and the Indo Iranian Speakers of Iran And also Looking into the Possible Origins of Haplogroup R1a-M17/M198 in these populations

www.eupedia.com/ on R1a

The paternal ancestry of Uttarakhand does not imitate the classical caste system of India is a Study from 2016 that goes into detail regarding both the paternal and maternal haplogroups of different groups from Uttarakhand and the Uttarakhand Brahmin Samples from this Study is 83 and 45.8% of them have R1a-M17/M198

Supplementary Figure 4 (JPG 822 kb)

Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians is a study from 2012 that goes into detail regarding the R1a subclades of the Indo-Iranian speakers of Iran and other groups with Iran and the R1a subclade with the highest Frequency seems to be R1a-M198/M17.

now lets look into the possible origins of this specific subclade of R1a

starting with a study from 2010 named Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age

Table 3.

Hui Zhou, Jilin University, an Author of this paper says that this branch is not R1a-Z93 and he concluded that the branch might be of European origin in 2014 however since then there have been other Studies that came out since then that might make this statement to not be true if the clade is R1a-M17/M198.

a study from 2021 named The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies models different samples from the same region from a very similar time and they didn't present Steppe Related Ancestry.

the study also models the WSHG people using this population along with Additional admixture from the EHG people.

which also might prove that this population that is Tarim_EMBA1 might represent a more Basal version of the WSHG's but the samples we have so far are only restricted to the EMBA(that doesn't necessarily that a genetic profile started to exist only Since then btw but there isn't much evidence for it either also even if its proven that those samples had R1a-m17 it also has to be proven that it existed very early on as well).

however what's actually more interesting is that the earliest R1a-M17/M198 samples is from a population we call the Baikal EN(which stands for Early Neolithic) from a group named Lokomotiv (EN)

from Haplotree.info

the 2 samples are from the study named Y-chromosomal DNA analyzed for four prehistoric cemeteries from Cis-Baikal, Siberia

a study From 2018 named The First Horse Herders and the Impact of Early Bronze Age Steppe Expansions into Asia models them in the following way:

notice how both the groups named Lokomotiv_EN and Shamanka_EN are modelled using the same admixture components with almost the exact same percentages because they come from the same groups at slightly different Regions.

the paper also states the following about this group:

In the paper By Narasimhan et al. (2019). File (aat7487_tables1-5.xlsx), Table S1, in Resources, "Supplementary Material." the ESHG's(Eastern Siberian Hunter Gatherers) = Shamanka_EN.SG

The modelling of Deep Ancestry proportions from Narasimhan et al. (2019) File (aat7487_narasimhan_sm.pdf) which detects around 6% AEA/ESHG related ancestry in the WSHG's.

dates of the WSHG samples:

from Narasimhan et al. (2019) File (aat7487_narasimhan_sm.pdf)

so the argument I would make is that the presence of Baikal_EN Ancestry in these Samples is actually a much better way of explaining R1a-M17/M198 in both the Indo-Iranian speakers of Iran and India it probably existed amongst an extreme Minority earlier and later on probably spread through Founder Effects.

for the Iranians it would be through their BMAC related Ancestry which carries WSHG derived ancestry at 10%.

from Narasimhan et al. (2019)

and for Indians it would be Derived Though Sarazam_EN which carries 25% WSHG derived Ancestry.

from Narasimhan et al. (2019) File (aat7487_narasimhan_sm.pdf)

now people might ask why isn't R1a-M17/R1a-M198 present in the Ancient samples the answer to that would be that we don't have enough Ancient samples since Sarazm_EN only has two samples, people might point out to samples from the Rakhigarhi Sites or the Samples from groups that r the most closest to some isolated groups like the The Kalash people.

and neither of these people are representatives of the majority of the Indian populations in Discussion since most modern day Indian groups require Anatolian farmer admixture and only 10 Ancient individuals are representatives of this.

the most recent modelling for the Average Indus Periphery group from On the limits of fitting complex models of population history to f-statistics Paper By Maier (2023)

And for the Iranians we don't have Enough sampling from the earlier stages of the formation of the BMAC people since that's the source i theorize for it.

now lets get back to The paternal ancestry of Uttarakhand does not imitate the classical caste system of India Study we actually see maternal haplogroups that r probably mediated through Steppe MLBA in the Uttarakhand  Brahmins:

these r the Haplogroups that r probably mediated through Steppe MLBA females in the Uttarakhand  Brahmins:

the earliest Haplogroup T1 samples:

T1 is also present in Israel Chalcolithic but however later on we don't see this in any other samples only further Subclades of it exist 

the earliest Haplogroup U2 samples:

U2 is only present in extremely ancient populations around 32650-34626 years ago within the Mid Upper Paleolithic populations of Russia later on all the ancient samples are within Europe.

so 15.7% of the mtDna haplogroups are most likely to be Steppe MLBA derived in these Uttarakhand  Brahmin Samples.

if we are to base Gender Biased Mediation Based on haplogroups then we would get results against male Mediation and it would be in support of female mediation instead especially  if we are to base it on the Steppe theorist Version of it soon in the future i might make a post on why haplogroups or even haplogroups compared to the Autosomal Ancestry isn't much of a good method to determine Gender bias and i will use Ancient populations to prove that.