Haplogroups And Gender Biased Admixture(An Alternative View)


the Origins of haplogroup I1-M253:

the earliest sample with this haplogroup is from Posth et al. (2023) in a study named Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers


from Supplementary Data 1 Posth et al. (2023)


from Supplementary Information of Posth et al. (2023)

it seems like the earliest population with this haplogroup seems to be a WHG related group.


100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark by (allentoft et al. 2024) is another interesting study to look at.

later on in the Scandinavia LNBA phase III the individuals appear to be dominated by males with I1 Y-haplogroups.


Scandinavia LNBA seems to have most of its ancestry from the CWC while around 3-18% of their ancestry seems to be from the Neolithic population of Scandinavia.




we also see how Scandinavia_4600BP_3800BP only seems to have around 6% of their ancestry from Scandinavia_5600BP_4600BP. while both Scandinavia_4200BP_3200BP and Scandinavia_4000BP_3000BP seems to have a higher percentage that is around 10-18%.



Extended Data Fig. 6 from Allentoft et al. (2024)


what is actually interesting here is on how this haplogroup was mostly found around 4000BP onwards and that too at a high frequency.

Extended Data Fig. 8 from Allentoft et al. (2024)


what is actually even more interesting is on how the modern day Scandinavians also seem to have a high frequency of this haplogroup based on López et al. (2021) . the sample sizes are also decent.


from Supplementary file1 (XLSX 56 KB)


what we can understand from this is on how a haplogroup can spread at such a high frequency due to something like founder effects and how it does not necessarily correlate to the Autosomal Ancestry of a group.
this haplogroup seems to be extremely rare in Ancient samples and it does not seem to be found in either the individuals from the Globular Amphora culture or the Funnel Beaker culture or the Corded Ware Culture.

something similar can also be said about haplogroup R1a-Y3 and its subclades in Indians or regarding steppe Groups carrying either WHG or EHG related Y DNA haplogroups they might not necessarily tell us what took place during the Actual admixture events between the steppe populations and those that came from the south Caucasus or Admixtures that took place between ancient groups in general.




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